Surgical simulation is attractive because it provides a safe and standardized method for training in surgery, allows learners to practice at any time without the limitations in conventional apprenticeship model learning, and can offer measurable improvement in skills. Research is increasingly showing that surgical simulations improve learning and have the potential to meet the needs of trainees and satisfy the regulatory needs of the profession and society. Modern advances in technology are revolutionizing surgical simulations and the recent innovations are focused on improving surgical outcomes using rapid prototyping technologies, virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR) applications, and patient-specific surgical simulations, etc. As patient-specific surgical simulators allow surgeons to plan and practice surgical interventions before conducting surgeries and thus can improve patient outcomes dramatically, researchers have devoted great efforts in recent decades and developed various biomechanical models based on finite element methods and meshfree methods to simulate surgeries accurately. In our group, we focus on developing VR based patient-specific surgical simulations.